The purpose of this study is to examine the role of women in the nomadic environment, particularly in the military structure. Using the method of comparative historical analysis as well as archaeological research data, the authors found that dual organization was typical for most nomads. Moreover, women in the Scythian and Sarmatian societies were equal to men in the ability to work and opportunities to lead the tribes and to perform priestly functions. The study also found that women of the steppe could participate in the fateful decisions of their people. Practical significance of this research is determined by the fact that that its findings can be used in further studies of women's role in the life organization of the nomads, as well as in the gender equality studies.