Archaeology provides the chance to ask questions about human culture, past and present, using artifacts as evidence. By studying archaeology, students learn about how people in their region found and prepared food, responded to changes in their environment (e.g., flooding, earthquakes, droughts), and interacted with other peoples. This article describes a science outreach event at a local university with fourth- and fifth-grade students, in which participants delved into an archaeological site to learn about the past. In this investigation, fourth-grade students used archaeological methodology and their own knowledge of the world to discover how humans lived in the past. During this 60-minute lesson, students collected measurements of a simulated archaeological site, drew a sketch map of the site area, and made evidence-based inferences about how the artifacts were used. After documenting their site and collecting evidence regarding the artifacts they found within it, students engaged in a cordial debate of their conclusions.