The Republic of Kazakhstan has developed a state program for search, support and development of talented children and youth. The objectives of this program are: (1) Strategy determination for training and education of talented children and youth; (2) Development of intellectual potential in the Republic; and (3) Providing talented young people with socio-cultural development (The concept of identification, support and development of talented children in the Republic of Kazakhstan, 1999). This issue is relevant since there is no consistent concept of talented individuals development covering all age limits, and no complete studies of "students' vocational ability." Most researches are focused on the study of children's talent. Current concepts of children's giftedness cannot be applied to students in the context of higher education. This study asks: What subjective and objective factors affect talented student development? The research took place in three phases. In the first phase (2001-2002), the problem in local and foreign higher schools was examined, the conceptual framework of the study was defined, the theoretical model of students' vocational ability was developed, and a diagnostic algorithm was developed and diagnostic material for the study was selected. In the second phase (2002-2003), the researchers explored the talent development levels of students in a pedagogical university (Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University in Almaty, Kazakhstan). Data analysis was completed, a comprehensive program for training and development of professional talent was developed, and implications for further research were determined. In the third phase (2003-2008) an experiment was conducted in order to implement the educational system on the developed program basis, midterm and final tests were conducted, quantitative and qualitative results' were processed and hypotheses test was completed, and recommendations for lecturers were made. [Note: The abstract shown on the attached PDF does not match the content of the article; therefore an ERIC abstract has been created.]