This article covers on the matters which allow stating that people living in the areas with unfavorable ecological conditions experience long-term psycho-traumatic psychological stress caused by exaggeration of irradiation danger and its aftereffects for health. The reasons for long-term psychological stress as per the results of questionnaire and experimental research are the fact of existence of long-tern radiation risk for public health, insufficiency of finance, information factor, low level of public knowledge on radiation and related biological, medical and other effects. The analysis of the data has shown that under the influence of unfavorable ecological factors the structure of personality is changing, causing the following personal characteristics to emerge: anxiety, aggression, and rigidity, which, in turn, undermine the vital adaptation of a human's activity. The adverse factors act on people not instantaneously but within a long period. The psychological aftereffects upon testing nuclear weapons create a particular typical model of personality. In persons of a basic group, living in radioecological stress condition, psychological defense activities were broken, causing despair, depression and confusion. Also, interpersonal relations systems were broken causing the sphere of life interests to narrow down, and adaptive and accommodational abilities to decrease.