Physician education has followed relatively rigid guidelines since the Flexner report of 1910. Medical education has been largely didactic with time-based progression and certifying exams, and with variable degrees of autonomy and supervision in graduate (post MD/DO degree) medical education programs. Innovative educational approaches now incorporate adult learning theories, encompass broader skill-sets, and utilize competency-based milestones rather than temporal based objectives to gauge progress. Human resource development (HRD) is more synergistic with evolving innovative medical education approaches than traditional approaches, and it can foster a healthy teaching system. In this article, we explore HRD strategies for medical education, including clinical simulation, workflow and educational redesign, and ongoing competency evaluation.