Planning to deliver the new GCSE [General Certificate of Secondary Education] specifications presents a challenge and an opportunity to any history department, whatever their previous specification. The sweep of history that students will now study at GCSE is much broader than "Modern World" departments are used to; including a medieval or early modern depth study as well as the thematic overview unit stretching back to the medieval period, it is arguably broader than many departments who previously followed SHP [Schools History Project] specifications are used to dealing with. As a result, GCSE history students across the country will be revisiting periods they are likely previously to have encountered, in some form, at Key Stage 3 or earlier. The following is one department's attempt to seize the opportunity for creative long-term curriculum planning, strengthening students' performance at Key Stage 4, and making our own lives easier, by planning for students to build up a useful "residue" of knowledge over the course of our three-year Key Stage 3 curriculum, and to retain this from Key Stage 3 to Key Stage 4.