In recent years, goal orientations have been examined in their relationship with other potential determinants of athletic performance. The relevant research showed that task orientation, compared to ego orientation, is linked to more adaptive outcomes (Behzadi, Hamzei, Nori and Salehian, 2011; Duda and Whitehead, 1998; Roberts, 2001; Biddle, 2001; Duda and Hall, 2001; Ames, 1992). However, the relationship among goal orientations, anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance has not been fully researched in the sports context. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to reveal the relationship among goal orientations, trait anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance. It was also aimed in this research to reveal the contribution of goal orientation to trait anxiety, self-efficacy, and performance. Another purpose of this research was to make comparisons according to gender. Fifty-seven university athletes (X[subscript age]=21.36 ± 2.10) who competed at national universities' league competitions voluntarily participated in the research. Trait Anxiety Scale, Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire, and General Self-efficacy Scale were used for data collection. Athletes' competition ranking was used for performance measurement and SPSS.17 was used for analysing the data. Results indicated that there is not any significant difference between males and females regarding goal orientations, trait anxiety, and self-efficacy. It was discovered that while task orientation positively contributes to general self-efficacy, ego orientation negatively affects self-efficacy beliefs of badminton players. It was further found that goal orientations do not contribute to anxiety and performance scores. The results provide valuable information to enhance quality of learning and training to sport coaches, physical education teachers and sport psychologists.