This article explores the challenges confronting a research-intensive Australian university in responding to the "widening participation" agenda outlined in the recent "Review of Higher Education". The university argued that it is not possible to respond effectively to this agenda without having a clear understanding of the current status of relevant institutional strategy and practice. Research identified existing widening participation strategies and programs relating to people from low socio-economic backgrounds and explored the challenges currently being faced by those with management and operational responsibilities in this area. Along with research results, a review of associated literature and national and overseas "good practice" studies informed development of a "Widening participation: Student success conceptual framework". This framework provides direction to the university in responding to the widening participation agenda.