Faculty frequently express concerns about students' personal use of information and communication technologies in today's university classrooms. As a requirement of a graduate research methodology course in a university in Ontario, Canada, the authors conducted qualitative research to gain an in-depth understanding of students' perceptions of this issue. Their findings reveal students' complex considerations about the acceptability of technology use. Their analysis of the broader contexts of students' use reveals that despite a technological revolution, university teaching practices have remained largely the same, resulting in "cultural lag" within the classroom. While faculty are technically "in charge", students wield power through course evaluations, surveillance technologies and Internet postings. Neoliberalism and the corporatisation of the university have engendered an "entrepreneurial student" customer who sees education as a means to a career. Understanding students' perceptions and their technological, social and political contexts offers insights into the tensions within today's classrooms.