The aims of this article are to review the multiple relations between creativity and personality, exploring the measurement instruments that have been used to identify them. Specific personality characteristics and traits found in highly creative individuals and the interaction of these traits with the creative process are described. In addition, results of research projects conducted at the National Institute of Psychiatry Ramon de la Fuente in Mexico City are presented. These projects evaluated personality traits and behaviors present in productive and successful highly creative individuals. The association of these traits and behaviors with differential brain activation and molecular genetic variations in neurotransmitters systems were also explored, which suggested some neurobiological foundations for the creative personality. Finally, it is shown how certain developmental events are critical for personality formation and creativity maturation, pointing out the need for specific strategies in designing and producing programs and policies to provide quality education for all children.