This paper builds systematically on the research experiences of the author, involving the application of a Marxist focus in comparative education studies, in the Cuban and Latin American context. It reflects in a general way the importance of this focus and approach, and in turn the contradictions that occur between formal education policy and that which is achieved in practice. Highlighting this tension allows our research to be an instrument of critical analysis for educational transformation, involving the principal policy makers and actors, educators, and all participants in educational processes. The reflections and considerations put forward in this chapter stem from the author's formation and professional experience in Cuba as an educator, and through which the influence of Marxism-Leninism in Cuban education, and particularly in the field of comparative education, involves a certain subjectivity. Amongst other reasons, my research to develop this chapter draws on and values my professional practice and my research experience, which in turn situates me as both judge and jury with respect to understanding this reality in Cuba that, in my view, is little studied and highly complex.