This study examined the degree to which the three of the four essential characteristics of self-determination (autonomy, self-realization, and psychological empowerment) predicted quality of life-related adult outcome constructs using secondary analysis of data from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2. The pattern of predictive relationship was complex. Most findings were concentrated in a high-incidence disability group, with autonomy predicting higher financial independence, employment, social relationships, independent living, and postsecondary education. For those with intellectual disability, there was also a positive relationship between autonomy and inclusive residential opportunities. Implications of the complex pattern of findings for research and practice are discussed.