This article reviews the conceptualization, measurement, and design of brief experimental analysis for oral reading fluency problems. It presents examples from the literature of how brief experimental analysis results have been used to generate effective treatments for a variety of different applications (e.g., parent tutoring, small group, self-managed interventions). It also describes three different approaches investigators have taken to conducting brief experimental analyses. Finally, the article describes a method for conducting a single trial brief experimental analysis that will allow practitioners to quickly and efficiently identify potential interventions designed to address skill and performance based oral reading fluency deficits. Limitations and areas where future research is needed are discussed.