ERIC Number: EJ1071516
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2015-Aug
Pages: 17
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: ISSN-0022-0663
EISSN: N/A
Available Date: N/A
The Instructor's Face in Video Instruction: Evidence from Two Large-Scale Field Studies
Kizilcec, René F.; Bailenson, Jeremy N.; Gomez, Charles J.
Journal of Educational Psychology, v107 n3 p724-739, 770 Aug 2015
Multimedia learning research has established several principles for the effective design of audiovisual instruction. The image principle suggests that showing the instructor's face in multimedia instruction does not promote learning, because the potential benefits from inducing social responses are outweighed by the cost of additional cognitive processing. In an 8-week observational field study (N = 2,951), online learners chose to watch video lectures either with or without the instructor's face. Although learners who saw the face reported having a better lecture experience than those who chose not to see the face, 35% watched videos without the face for self-reported reasons including avoiding distraction. Building on these insights, the authors developed a video presentation style that strategically shows the face to reduce distraction while preserving occasional social cues. A 10-week field experiment (N = 12,468) compared the constant with the strategic presentation of the face and provided evidence consistent with the image principle. Cognitive load and perceived social presence were higher in the strategic than in the constant condition, but learning outcomes and attrition did not differ. Learners who expressed a verbal learning preference experienced substantially lower attrition and cognitive load with the constant than the strategic presentation. The findings highlight the value of social cues for motivation and caution against one-size-fits-all approaches to instructional design that fail to account for individual differences in multimedia instruction.
Descriptors: Video Technology, Audiovisual Instruction, Human Body, Field Studies, Observation, Comparative Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Cognitive Style, Cues, Longitudinal Studies, Online Courses, Instructional Effectiveness, Student Attrition
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Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
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