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ERIC Number: EJ1070547
Record Type: Journal
Publication Date: 2015-Jul-10
Pages: 12
Abstractor: As Provided
ISBN: N/A
ISSN: EISSN-1990-3839
EISSN: N/A
Integrative Review of Social Presence in Distance Education: Issues and Challenges
Chen, Xin; Fang, Youjia; Lockee, Barbara
Educational Research and Reviews, v10 n13 p1796-1806 Jul 2015
The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the evolution of social presence research in the field of distance education and identified problems in investigating this construct. The researchers took an integrative review on existing social presence studies to answer three questions: (a) How definitions of social presence evolved since its establishment (b) How research focus shifted (c) What problems exist in social presence measurement. A total of 189 empirical studies in the area of distance education from 1976 to 2013 were selected and reviewed. The results of the study suggested that social presence was still illusive and difficult to define. Moreover, because of its ambiguity, many doubts and problems were identified in measuring social presence. Lastly, this review specified the limitations of similar studies, and provided guidance for future investigations.
Academic Journals. e-mail: err@academic.journals.org; e-mail: service@academicjournals.org; Web site: http://academicjournals.org/journal/ERR
Publication Type: Journal Articles; Reports - Research; Information Analyses
Education Level: N/A
Audience: N/A
Language: English
Sponsor: N/A
Authoring Institution: N/A
Grant or Contract Numbers: N/A