The purpose of this literature review is to critically examine over two decades of research concerned with study abroad participation in the United States. Research questions framing the investigation are: 1) What methodological shortcomings can be identified in assessing influences on study abroad participation for adult and higher education learners in the last 20 years of research? and 2) What tentative solutions can be offered to encourage study abroad participation for adult and higher education learners in the US and globally? To answer the research questions, seminal and key studies contributing to understanding study abroad participation are synthesized to deduce what is needed and important to increase participation rates in study abroad programs for adults in higher education. Tentative solutions and conclusions are made with special attention to perceptions of and motivations to participate in study abroad programs. These suggestions seek to carve new paths and understanding in factors influencing study abroad participation.