Although study skills courses improve student retention, the impact of study skills courses on students' academic self-efficacy has not been investigated. The present study examined pre- and posttest levels of academic self-efficacy in college students enrolled in a study skills course (n = 126) compared to students enrolled in a general education course (n = 111). Students enrolled in study skills courses had lower initial levels of academic self-efficacy and demonstrated greater increases than comparison students, reaching equivalent levels or surpassing the comparison students at posttest. Results are considered in light of the broader issue of student retention and in the context of current practice.