This conceptual paper discusses some principles for powerful learning environments based on a cognitive perspective. Throughout the paper, it is argued that the accommodation of different individual cognitive preferences is crucial for its alignment with the human cognitive architecture. The paper concludes that in order to be aligned with the human cognitive architecture, TEL (technology enhanced learning) environments should provide supportive visual and interactive multimedia, self-assessment tools, instructional guidance about the purpose of the learning environment and how to operate it. Based on the prior research undertaken in this area, the paper concludes that a more evidence-based model for deriving the positioning would allow the learning professionals to move from a framework to a genuine taxonomy.