This study was carried out as an international cooperative research project supported by a Fulbright Scholar award to investigate attitudes and perceptions towards bilingual education, and to extract key findings on effective pedagogy in bilingual schools in the Region of Madrid, where expansion of bilingual programs has been rapidly increasing. The study sought to identify the attitudes of teachers, language assistants and students towards bilingualism and bilingual program development. It was also interested in identifying effective classroom practices and strategies for effective teaching in bilingual contexts. The results obtained reveal key findings and possible implications that should be taken into consideration in order to facilitate the future development and consolidation of bilingual programs that promote educational excellence.