This study examines online distance learning (ODL) as applied in music and music education programmes at different educational levels with a special focus on the digital tools employed in such programmes. It aims to provide an up-to-date snapshot of the current online courses focusing on the potential benefits and drawbacks of ODL from the perspectives of teachers involved in online music courses. The present article presents findings of questionnaire and interview qualitative data. Analysis demonstrates that there are variations among different programmes in their requirements of online communication and interaction based on the nature of a programme (synchronous vs. asynchronous learning). Finally, the article sets out some future challenges for music education specialists using information and communication technology and discusses the kinds of improvements needed in digital tools and virtual environments.