This review draws attention to issues related to school self-assessment. This process has been similarly implemented in a variety of jurisdictions globally in the past decade hence their inclusion herein as an attempt to understand the school self-assessment process which has also been developed for use in local Ontario (Canadian) elementary schools. This review includes an examination of the foundational components of effective schools, the purpose of school self-assessment, and the successes and challenges of school self-assessment both locally and internationally.