The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act allows three methods of determining whether a student qualifies for special education as a student with a specific learning disability (SLD). The first and most controversial is the Discrepancy model, which requires a significant discrepancy between the student's intellectual ability and academic achievement. The second is the Response to Intervention (RTI) model, which utilizes a process to assess a student's response to scientific, researched-based interventions. The third method involves reviewing the student's unique pattern of cognitive strengths and weaknesses (PSW) that result in academic deficits. The present article reviews the research regarding the strengths and weaknesses of each model. Furthermore, due to the recent emergence of PSW models, this article concludes with the authors' recommendations for further research prior to implementation of the PSW approach.