Diabetes disproportionately affects individuals with lower income in the U.S. (CDC, 2012). Specifically the control of diabetes through self-management has been found to be sub-par and an important contributor to complications (Seligman, Davis, Schillinger, & Wolf, 2010). People experiencing homelessness also experience barriers. One such group is homeless veterans who have diabetes. The purpose of this study was to investigate self-management behaviors and knowledge regarding diabetes among homeless military veterans in order to establish a baseline of knowledge, self-management behaviors, attitudes, and barriers. A cross-sectional convenience sample of 27 homeless military veterans at a local shelter completed face-to-face structured survey interviews. Blood glucose monitoring behaviors were adequate but foot and eye care behaviors need improvement. Gaps existed in knowledge and attitudes about diabetes. Barriers such as lack of access to healthy food and lack of knowledge of how to cook limited their ability to self-manage diabetes. Veterans who had higher knowledge scores, and had been diagnosed longer, had higher self-management scores. Findings from this study help to inform the existing need for health educators to engage with veterans diagnosed with diabetes to improve health outcomes.