Important areas of treatment for individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have only begun to be explored empirically in the last decade. Fortunately, there has been growing interest in identifying how to best adapt treatments that have been demonstrated to be efficacious with broader populations to individuals with ASD. This article provides a review of the literature for cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in the treatment of anxiety and mood disorders with modifications for adolescents and adults diagnosed with ASD. The majority of these studies incorporated manualized procedures, structured sessions, visual aids, use of worksheets, and an opportunity for social engagement, in addition to regular practice and feedback within a supportive environment. Treatment has been provided primarily in groups; however, researchers are beginning to explore the advantages of individualized treatment. Although only a handful of studies have been published on the use of CBT with adolescents or adults with ASD, results are promising. School psychologists will want to familiarize themselves with this literature to best meet the needs of students in their care. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.