In the late 1980s, the Eastman Kodak company initiated what would become one of the biggest trends in information technology (IT): outsourcing. IT outsourcing (ITO) allows a company to focus on the services that will differentiate it from its competitors and farm out nondifferentiating services. ITO has grown from the initial landmark effort at Eastman Kodak to a multi-billion-dollar industry. It is estimated that most of the IT infrastructure of organizations will be structured as part of an outsourcing effort, with as much as $1 trillion at stake in the next 20 years. Companies have learned that the desire to outsource does not guarantee success and that failures in ITO can be very expensive and distract from the company's strategic direction. The objective of this study was to explore the successful ITO at a U.S.-based company. A U.S.-based firm was chosen because the literature published to date focuses on the critical success factors of companies outside of the United States and only provides details on failures in the United States. The participants of this study were the managers, associate directors, directors, and vice presidents of a medium-sized U.S.-based pharmaceutical company. This qualitative case study explored what these managers felt were the attributes that allowed them to achieve success in their individual outsourcing engagements. In doing so, this study categorizes outsourcing efforts into three different categories and explains what were identified as critical success factors that contributed to each of those categories. These critical success factors identified the goals, measures, investments, and partnerships that were in place that were felt to be the reason for success. By exploring some of these critical success factors, researchers can further build upon these cases and help organizations understand how to structure themselves for successful ITO. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]