Punitive discipline strategies based on removal of students from the classroom may prevent the creation of effective and safe learning environments. Research indicates that punishment has traditionally been viewed as preventative, serving as a means of controlling unacceptable behavior. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to evaluate the relationship between the type of inappropriate student behavior and the likelihood of removal from the classroom among 1st grade students. The theoretical framework for this study was Bandura's theory of self-efficacy, which posits that a weak self-efficacy can affect a student's behavior. Data analysis was conducted on 844 existing removal records. The phi coefficient was calculated to determine whether there is a relationship between inappropriate behavior and removal from the classroom. The results showed a significant relationship between the type of inappropriate student behavior and the likelihood of removal from the classroom among 1st grade students. When the inappropriate behavior involved any kind of sexual act or gesture, there was a high likelihood of removal from the classroom. Minor and serious cases of inappropriate behavior did not differ substantially in terms of the likelihood of removal from the classroom. Results of the study could lead to change in policies regarding handling disruptive student behavior and teacher training and professional development in the areas of student behavior management and discipline in the classroom through the adoption of more positive, nonpunitive approaches. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]