The Second Chance Act of 2007 (Public Law 110-199) represented a historic piece of legislation designed to improve outcomes for and provide a comprehensive response to the increasing number of individuals who are released from prisons, jails, and juvenile residential facilities, and returning to communities upon release. The Second Chance Act's grant programs are funded and administered by the Office of Justice Programs within the U.S. Department of Justice. In 2010, for the first time, funding was set aside for a comprehensive study of correctional education. The Office of Justice Programs' Bureau of Justice Assistance awarded the RAND Corporation a cooperative agreement to undertake a comprehensive examination of the current state of correctional education for incarcerated adults and juveniles; where it is headed; which correctional education programs are effective; and how effective programs can be implemented across different settings. This report details the meta-analytic approach and findings for academic programs and vocational training programs provided to incarcerated adults. The meta-analysis examined the association between correctional education and reductions in recidivism, improvements in employment after release from prison, and learning in math and in reading. Findings support the premise that receiving correctional education while incarcerated reduces an individual's risk of recidivating, and improves odds of obtaining employment after release. The meta-analysis examined the benefits of computer-assisted learning and compared the costs of prison education programs with the costs of reincarceration. The following are appended: (1) Document Identification Parameters and Sources; (2) Scientific Review Team Members; and (3) Meta-Analysis Diagnostic Tests.