This paper presents a multilingual mobile learning framework that can be used to support the pedagogical development of mobile learning systems which can support learning in under-resourced multilingual schools. The framework has been developed following two empirical mobile learning studies. Both studies were conducted in multilingual South African high schools where learners were provided with mobile phones to access a multilingual system called M-Thuto. In the first study, 90 learners interacted with a bilingual application that included class notes, drill exercises and a quiz for their mathematics lessons. In the second study, 32 learners were expected to create audio clips of their notes gathered from their daily physical science lessons using their home languages. The learners uploaded these notes onto an online mobile learning system and used them later for revision. Data were gathered from their interactions in both studies through interviews and questionnaires and analysed through descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis. These results have contributed to a framework which prescribes factors that need to be considered when creating multilingual mobile learning systems that support the process of learning in developing country secondary schooling environments. [For the complete proceedings, see ED557171.]