Organizations have become more dependent on information technology (IT) in the 21st century. But IT implementation and use is resisted in certain sectors of Tanzania, particularly in government-run enterprises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and consequences of resistance to IT development and implementation in the Tanzanian public sector. Research questions focused on finding out which social and environmental factors might explain this resistance and how it might be affecting job performance and organizational operations. The theoretical framework for the study was provided by the congruence model of organizational behavior and the technology assistance model (TAM). This quantitative study used a survey and interviews to collect data from 95 representative public sector employees aged 27 and older. Data were coded, categorized, and then subjected to statistical analyses using chi-square, ANOVA, and "t" tests. The results show that the development and implementation of IT in the Tanzanian public sector has been negatively impacted by internal and external social and environmental factors; and that the employees expect the government of Tanzania to correct this situation by involving them in the IT procurement and implementation processes. The social change implications of this study include better understanding of the role of IT in employee job performance and satisfaction as well as more effective development and implementation of IT in the Tanzanian public sector undertakings. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]