To many people, standardized testing means multiple-choice testing. However, some tests contain questions that require the test taker to produce the answer, rather than simply choosing it from a list. The required response can be as simple as the writing of a single word as complex as the design of a laboratory experiment to test a scientific hypothesis. These types of test questions, taken together, are referred to as "constructed-response" questions. This issue of "ETS R&D Connections" discusses the following: (1) the kind of information that can be obtained from constructed-response questions that cannot be obtained from multiple-choice questions; (2) how test-takers' responses are translated into numerical scores; and (3) the limitations of constructed-response questions, and how the recent technological developments are helping some of those limitations.