Raising and educating healthy boys is an area of increasing concern among educators, child development experts, and parents nationwide. It was the focus of an invitational meeting convened by the Educational Equity Center at the Academy for Educational Development (EEC/AED) in November 2004. The meeting brought together a national group of researchers and educators to analyze the current situation in terms of boys' development and school performance and to create an action plan to focus national attention on the well-being of boys in school and in society. This publication cites research showing that boys lag behind girls in reading and writing, they are more likely to be referred to a school psychologist, and they are more likely to be diagnosed with attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity. Boys represent a majority of students with learning disabilities, commit most of the school violence, and incur the majority of school suspensions. This report examines the crisis in boys' education in four areas: (1) gender and literacy; (2) viewing boys as "problems" in school; (3) viewing rates of early expulsion affecting young boys; and (4) the effect of educational policy on school culture and the relational aspects of teacher's work. It then presents a two-pronged strategy that would combine a research-action agenda and a broad communications campaign with the goal of applying lessons learned to teacher training, educational practice, and continuing research. Appended is the meeting agenda and list of participants.