Many out-of-school time programs conduct evaluations. As part of an evaluation, program participants (including children, their parents, and program staff) may be asked to provide information. Researchers refer to these individuals as "human subjects," and it is essential to protect their privacy, rights, confidentiality, and privileges. Organizations conducting research work with institutional review boards (IRBs) to ensure these protections. As it is, many out-of-school programs have conducted small-scale informal evaluations without prior approval from an IRB because the programs may have lacked information about IRB approval or awareness about these issues. This brief intends to allay the fears or concerns that out-of-school time program practitioners may have about the IRB review process by discussing the importance of IRBs and providing guidelines for their use in out-of-school program research. (Contains 1 table and 14 notes.) [For Part 6 in this series, see ED499690.]