The Longitudinal Assessment of Comprehensive School Reform Implementation and Outcomes (LACIO) responds to the No Child Left Behind Act's requirement for an evaluation of the federal Comprehensive School Reform (CSR) program. The legislation stipulates two broad goals for the evaluation: (1) to evaluate the implementation and outcomes achieved by schools after three years of implementing comprehensive school reforms; and (2) to assess the effectiveness of comprehensive school reform in schools with diverse characteristics. In order to address these requirements, the study focused on four evaluation questions: (1) How are CSR funds being targeted? (2) How is comprehensive school reform implemented in schools receiving CSR funds, in schools receiving Title I funds and in other schools? (3) What is the relationship between CSR implementation and student achievement outcomes? (4) What conditions (at the state and district level) influence the implementation of comprehensive reform programs? This report presents data collected from a random sample of 400 CSR schools that received funding in 2002 and 400 non-CSR schools with similar demographic and achievement characteristics. It draws from three data sources?school-level surveys of principals and teachers, the National School-Level State Assessment Score Database and the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) Common Core of Data (CCD). The data were collected in spring 2003 at the end of the first year of CSR implementation (2002-03). The emphasis in this report is on the first two evaluation questions that focus on school reform activities and the targeting of CSR program funds.