Noting that helping war-affected children cope with the impact of conflict is a vital part of the post-war recovery of an entire society, this report details a qualitative study that used a series of focus group discussions with 7- to 18-year-olds and their families and participatory activities with children in Kabul, Afghanistan to gather information to guide the development of support programs for war-affected children. Three main topics were explored: (1) well-being goals for Afghan children; (2) threats children face in achieving well-being; and (3) childrens coping resources. Findings revealed that Afghan families consider emotional and social development to be important, but also physical survival, and they believe that children require positive and supportive contexts and relationships to achieve well-being. Damaging threats for Kabul's children were identified as economic, environmental, political, personal, and relational, with negative consequences on children's social development, their morality, their behavior, and their opportunities. Families raise their children to cope with difficulties, and childrens personal attitudes and social relations affect their ability to cope. Some short-term coping mechanisms such as hiding the truth, overprotection, use of physical punishment, and taking revenge were identified by children as having negative repercussions in the long term. The report asserts that the research findings confirm the suitability of a psychosocial framework over a trauma-oriented approach for planning sustainable support to most Afghan children. Detailed suggestions are offered for providing such support, and policy guidelines are recommended. The report also describes two follow-up pilot projects helping children to identify and take action on a concern. The report's appendices differentiate the trauma approach and the psychosocial approach to supporting war-affected children, and outline the negative feelings, causes, and coping mechanisms identified by research participants. (KB)