This collection of essays grew out of a series of conferences held by the National Bureau of Economic Research on school finance, public economics, and school choice. After an introduction by Carolyn M. Hoxby, the papers are: (1) "Does Public School Competition Affect Teacher Quality?" (Eric A. Hanushek and Steven G. Rivkin); (2) "Can School Choice and School Accountability Successfully Coexist?" (David N. Figlio and Marianne E. Page); (3) "The Role of Special Education in School Choice" (Julie Berry Cullen and Steven G. Rivkin); (4) "School Vouchers: Results from Randomized Experiments" (Paul E. Peterson, William G. Howell, Patrick J. Wolf, and David E. Campbell); (5) "Introducing School Choice into Multidistrict Public School Systems" (Thomas J. Nechyba); (6) "School Vouchers as a Redistributive Device: An Analysis of Three Alternative Systems" (Raquel Fernandez and Richard Rogerson); (7) "Neighborhood Schools, Choice, and the Distribution of Educational Benefits" (Dennis Epple and Richard Romano); and (8) "School Choice and School Productivity: Could School Choice be a Tide that Lifts All Boats?" (Carolyn M. Hoxby). (Papers contain references, and the book includes author and subject indexes.) (SM)