This guide explains the essential elements of high-quality reading programs and provides suggestions for raising reading achievement in the elementary and middle grades. It is designed to promote the development of the principal as an instructional leader and focuses on the principal's role in the implementation of an effective reading program. Sections are titled as follows: (1) Issues in Reading Instruction Today; (2) Setting the Stage: Putting in Place the Essential Elements of a High-Quality Reading Program; (3) What Does Good Reading Instruction Look Like at the Classroom Level?; (4) Using Assessment Data to Inform Reading Instruction; (5) Providing Extra Support for Struggling Readers; (6) Observing and Evaluating Reading Instruction: The Principal's Role; (7) Educating and Supporting Teachers; (8) Working with Families; and (9) Moving Ahead with Your School's Efforts to Improve Reading Instruction. The guide also contains 93 references and 5 appendices: Suggested Books for Children; Teacher Observation Form; Evaluating Your Reading Program; Handouts for Parents; and Glossary of Terms Related to Reading Instruction. In addition, the guide contains forms, lists, checklists, and space to write notes, reminders, and ideas. (WFA)