This document presents four research-based papers that were the catalyst for discussions at the first Mid-Continent Research for Education and Learning diversity roundtable in 1998. The goals established for this roundtable included: building participants' capacity for working with diverse populations; providing a catalyst for participants to critically examine and discuss pertinent issues; promoting the need for improving the alignment of instructional practice with standards-based reform; and raising the awareness of the need for procedures, policies, and practices to address the needs of diverse students. Chapter 1, "Introduction," highlights the increasing diversity characterizing the nation, communities, and schools. Chapter 2, "A Better Education for Every Child: The Dilemma for Teachers of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students" (Sharon Nelson-Barber), states that a generic approach to reform is ineffective and inequitable because the qualities of good teaching vary by cultural context. Chapter 3, "School Reform and Alignment of Standards" (Margarita Calderon), examines effective instruction for language minority students. Chapter 4, "Personal Perspectives on Organizational Issues in the Standards-Based Education Movement" (William Demmert), provides a framework for creating a standards-based system that reflects the variables influencing students' success. Chapter 5, "Assessment of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students: Considerations for the 21st Century" (Aida Walqui), discusses how student demographics have changed over recent decades and how diverse students have fared in the education system. Chapter 6, "Conclusion," summarizes issues raised in the papers and roundtable discussions, noting major areas in which educators can initiate or strengthen actions to improve the education of diverse students. (Papers contain references.) (SM)