This paper examines the Cleveland Scholarship and Tuition Program (CSTP), a program initiated in 1996 that was the first in the U.S. to offer state-funded scholarships that can be redeemed at both secular and parochial schools. To gather information about the program, a telephone survey of 2,020 CSTP applicants, 1,006 of which did not enroll in the program, was conducted. Analysis of the data revealed five major findings. First, parents reported that their decision to apply for a scholarship was largely motivated by academic concerns. Second, a relatively small proportion of nonrecipients claimed that an inability to secure admission to a preferred private school was an important reason in their decision not to participate in the program. Third, parents of scholarship recipients who previously attended public schools were much more satisfied with every aspect of their choice school than applicants who did not receive a scholarship but attended public school instead. Fourth, choice schools did well at retaining students in the program, both within the school year and from one school year to the next. Finally, preliminary test scores in mathematics and reading show large gains for CSTP students attending the Hope schools. Overall, the findings support future choice initiatives, though special funding arrangements and further programming will be necessary for disabled and other special-needs students. (Contains 15 tables that present research data.) (RJM)