This paper summarizes the historical growth of technology and the research that has examined this evolution. Important stages of instructional technology are explored, including the development of computer-assisted instruction and the growing use of the Internet in learning. With this medium's growth will come new opportunities for research and use in educational settings through Web-based instruction for distance learning. Although technology development continues to move at a rapid rate, scholars will have consistent challenges in assessing issues related to productivity, effectiveness, performance outcomes, and assessment. Technology administrators must consistently match technological advances with evolving institutional, student, and faculty needs. (Contains 48 references.) (Author/AEF)