If school improvement efforts are to succeed, it seems clear that institutions of higher education, school districts, and state education agencies must work together to create new strategies, incentives, and options that will promote educators' learning of the new practices and perspectives that will change the core of educational practice. The focus of staff development is to build the capacity of the organization, while the focus of professional development is to build the capacity of the individual, and thus the profession as a whole. Planning differentially for both staff and professional development requires simultaneous attention to the learning outcome desired, the size or complexity of the learning involved, and the formats best suited to achieving the learning outcome. (SLD)