This report presents an examination of the association between psychological functioning and substance abuse among adolescents aged 12 to 17 using data from the 1994-1996 National Household Survey on Drug Abuse (NHSDA). The survey, conducted annually by Substance Abuse and Mental Services Administration (SAMHSA), provides estimates of the prevalence of use of a variety of illicit drugs, alcohol, and tobacco, based on a nationally representative sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population. In 1994, the NHSDA added the Youth Self-Report, a comprehensive mental health checklist that has been used extensively in studies of adolescents. The instrument generates summary measures of emotional and behavioral problems, as well as measures for specific syndromes. Selected and highlighted findings of the study include: an estimated 13 percent of adolescents had emotional problems as indicated by withdrawal, somatic problems, anxiety, and depression; an estimated 17 percent had behavioral problems indicated by delinquent or aggressive behavior; and the likelihood of substance use is associated with the severity of emotional and behavioral problems across age and gender groups. Specific study results are categorized into sections on illicit drug use, alcohol use, cigarette use, alcohol or illicit drug dependence, and using the Youth Self-Report to identify substance users. (Contains 86 references and 46 tables. Appendices include standard error tables, data and methods, and NHSDA questionnaire items used. (GCP)