This paper presents a brief overview of the array of neuroscience research as it applies to play and child development. The paper discusses research showing the importance of play for brain growth and child development, and recommends that families, schools and other social and corporate institutions rearrange their attitudes and priorities about play, recess, physical education, music, games, art, and personal interactions between caregivers and children. Also discussed are connections between brain development and play in early childhood; the role of play in cognitive, language, social, emotional, and physical development, and bridging the gap between neuroscience and educational practice. The paper lists 15 implications of brain research for education and child development, including recommendations for parents and teachers. (Contains 42 references.) (JPB)