Do teachers use technology in their teaching? Why? What happens when they do? Why don't more teachers use technology? How do teachers learn about technology? Are prospective teachers being prepared to use technology before entering the classroom? Which factors influence implementation of technology across schools and districts? What roles do schools, districts, states, and the federal government play in helping teachers adjust to the challenges and opportunities presented by new technologies? This report describes the results of the Office of Technology Assessment's (OTA) research into all of these questions, and seeks to underscore the connection between teachers and effective implementation of technology in schools. Research methods used include: site visits to schools of all grade levels across the country; conversations with teachers, researchers, and administrators; two focus groups of teachers; in-depth interviews with average teachers regarding their experiences with technology; a survey of faculty and recent graduates of colleges of education regarding technology use in preservice teacher education; a research review of telecommunications networks; and a review of past and current federal programs and support for teacher development and technology. The six chapters include: "Summary and Policy Options"; "The Promise of Technology for Teachers"; "Technology Access and Instructional Use in Schools Today"; "Helping Teachers Learn About and Use Technology Resources"; "Technology and the Preparation of New Teachers"; and "Technology and Teacher Development: The Federal Role." Six appendices provide a list of boxes, figures and tables; sources of survey data; a glossary; a list of workshop participants, and reviewers and contributors; a list of contributing sites; and contractor reports prepared for this assessment. An index is included. (MAS)