This paper provides a synthesis of literature pertaining to differentials in earnings between male and female teachers at the elementary, secondary, and higher levels of education. In addition to sex discrimination, other factors of unequal compensation are examined, some of which include teaching experience, educational preparation, teacher productivity, marital status, and occupational segregation. A review of the research finds that, overall, the findings are inconclusive, although data suggest that a subtle form of sex discrimination exists. Problems in measuring the exact portion of the sex differential in compensation are identified: (1) findings that are often based on aggregate rather than longitudinal data, or on case studies; (2) failure to compensate for the unequal representation of women in the same occupation under study; and (3) failure to consider the shorter lifetime earnings of women. The studies do suggest that some progress has been made with regard to increasing the average earnings of women. Suggestions to eliminate the gender-based salary gap include: increase job skills for women; increase educational attainment for women; and eliminate job segregation. (LMI)