This monograph targets what is known about counseling outcomes in various counseling specialities while also providing a comprehensive overview of counseling outcomes research. The individual chapters were selected to focus on what leads to counselor efficacy, defined as the effectiveness of the counselor in bringing about counselor- and/or client-desired outcomes relating to the client. Each chapter includes a thorough review of the relevant literature and offers a summary of generalizations to be drawn from the area reviewed, as well as personal insights as to the implications of the review for counseling education, programs, and practices. Following a preface by Harold H. Hackney, the following chapters are included: (1) "Counselor Efficacy" (Garry R. Walz and Jeanne C. Bleuer); (2) "Career Development" (Rich Feller); (3) "Counselor Education" (Robert L. Gibson); (4) "School Counseling" (Nancy S. Perry); (5) "Student Development in Higher Education" (Cynthia S. Johnson); (6) "Marriage and Family Counseling" (Jon Carlson); (7) "A Review of the Counseling Outcome Research" (Tom Sexton); (8) "Important Considerations in Disseminating Counseling Outcomes Research" (Garry R. Walz); and (9) "A Summing Up" (Garry R. Walz and Jeanne C. Bleuer). A description of the Educational Resources Information Center/Counseling and Personnel Services Clearinghouse (ERIC/CAPS) and an annotated list of ERIC/CAPS publications are appended. (NB)