This report is a product of a workshop designed to address the question: What can be done to increase the number of underrepresented minorities in science? The question was put to the minority scientists currently supported by the Physiological Processes Program. Out of the many ideas expressed, several central themes emerged. One was the importance of interaction between established and aspiring scientists. Activities suggested for increasing interaction include mentorship, collaboration, and networking. Another theme concerned special problems of smaller institutions, particularly predominantly minority institutions. Finally, the career development of minority scientists was a recurrent theme. Mentoring was considered the most successful way to increase and retain minorities in science. Mentorship at all levels is crucial. Pre-college students need role models and mentors just as much as graduate students and post-doctoral fellows. (PR)