This report seeks ways to improve the knowledge, understanding, and information available to the federal government on the long-term nature of the science and technology (S&T) enterprise as it relates to societal goals. The recommendations focus on a few key issues: improving the national capacity to define and revise long-term S&T goals; linking S&T programs and goals more closely and clearly to broader societal goals; and building more effective linkages between governments (especially the federal government) and other sectors of society in debating, articulating, and pursuing these goals while assessing progress toward their achievement. The main body of the book consists of an executive summary and the following chapters: (1)"Linking Science and Technology to Societal Goals"; (2) "Setting S&T Goals"; (3) "The Need for Long-Term Goals: Selected Illustrations"; (4) "Recommendations"; and (5) "Goal-Setting, S&T, and Society: A Look at the Future." Members of the Carnegie Commission, its Advisory Council, and a related S&T Task Force are listed. (Contains 35 notes and references.) (PR)