To the synchronic linguistic analyst, an idiom is, by nature, semantically noncompositional. However, the language-user-in-culture may know (among other things) how the association between the non-literal and the literal meanings of an idiom is culturally motivated. This paper looks at such cultural knowledge of idiomaticity, with evidence for "Idiom Calquing"--the literal borrowing of idioms across languages, and "Folk Literalization"--the re-creation of literal meanings for idioms. (Contains 22 references.) (Author)