This monograph provides an overview of computer-based assessment and error analysis in the instruction of elementary students with complex medical, learning, and/or behavioral problems. Information on generating and scoring tests using the microcomputer is offered, as are ideas for using computers in the analysis of mathematical strategies and errors of students. Examples of specific computer applications are included. Issues such as interactive assessment, curriculum-based assessment, and artificial intelligence are also considered. The systems save examiner time, reduce scoring errors, and provide teachers with information that would otherwise be difficult to obtain. More advanced systems will be able to guide the teacher through the necessary steps for the analysis of learning problems, test the student directly where appropriate, analyze student performance data, and prescribe appropriate instructional strategies. A glossary of terms concludes the monograph. (Contains 20 references.) (DB)