This paper considers the technological aspects of learning environment analysis in the instructional development process. Characteristics of a technology-based learning environment are discussed, and old and new models of technology and learning are examined. The connection between technology and cognition is addressed, and the importance of design of learning environments that take into account the following considerations is emphasized: (1) principles of human factors, especially human-computer interaction; (2) learner involvement strategies; (3) the situated nature of learning (i.e., the idea that knowledge is a product of context, activity, and culture, and that environments structure cognition); and (4) the problem of providing authentic learning situations. (16 references) (MES)